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Patriarch Timothy I and the Prophethood of Muhammad

A Re-appraisal

An article in Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 35/2 (April 2024) 169–81 (available upon request)

In the late-eighth century, the East-Syrian Patriarch Timothy I participated in a debate with the ‘Abbāsid Caliph al-Mahdī. During their discussion, Timothy responded to a question about how he understood the Prophet Muḥammad. His answer is now...

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The Christian Encounter with Muhammad

How Theologians Have Interpreted the Prophet

This book offers a fresh appraisal of Muhammad that considers the widest possible history of the ways in which Christians have assessed his prophethood.

To medieval Christian communities, Muhammad-the leader of a religious and political community that grew quickly and with relative success-was an enigma. Did God really send him as a prophet with...

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Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History

Volume 15. Thematic Essays, 600–1600

Christian-Muslim Relations, Volume 15, Thematic Essays (600-1600) is a further volume in a general history of relations between the two faiths from the 7th century to the early 20th century. The chapters within it illustrate the range, complexity, and dynamics of interaction between the two faiths during the first thousand years of encounter....

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Other Writing

My contribution to a University of Edinburgh Book Panel Review in 2020 is sometimes cited, but the university website where the reviews were posted...